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UMU Citation Guidelines

Introductory text to the citation and referencing guidelines

Academic writing uses evidence from earlier work or data from own research to support one’s arguments. Every statement, diagram or data used in academic writing is owned, either by you the writer or by some other person whose work you have read, listened to or watched. You must show the owner or source of every statement, diagram or data. Indicate your own and also acknowledge the owner or source of statements, diagrams or any other kind of data that are not your own.

Referencing prevents plagiarism, as it is a way of acknowledging the source of information one has used.

While acknowledging that there are many referencing systems one could use; such as APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Tourabian, Vancouver, Oxford, and so on. Uganda Martyrs University (UMU) adopts the Harvard System of referencing. It should be noted that there are variations within the Harvard system as adopted by different institutions and, therefore, that it is not enough to refer to any guideline referred to as Harvard but to follow our particular version.

This guide gives some useful examples to which you can refer when referencing in your academic writing. You are invited to be keen to every minute detail and to note the importance of consistency in your citation. This guide is to be followed in presenting Coursework, Publications with UMU Press, Research proposals, and Dissertations at undergraduate and graduate levels at UMU.

NB: In cases where a particular discipline’s citation/referencing needs are not met by these guidelines, the respective units will advise on how to go about that. However, such exemptions should only occur where absolutely necessary and should be agreed upon in consultation with the School of Postgraduate Studies and Research (SPGSR).